Solana: Signature verification failed. Missing signature for public key(s) [key1, key2] in jest test using anchor

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Title: Solana Signature Verification Fails: A Guide to Fixing the Issue in Jest Tests with Anchor

Introduction:

Solana is a fast and scalable blockchain platform that enables developers to quickly build decentralized applications (dApps). However, like any other blockchain, it relies on signatures to verify transactions and maintain network integrity. In this article, we will explore why signature verification failed in our Jest tests with Anchor and provide steps to resolve the issue.

What is Signature Verification Failed:

Signature verification failed occurs when a test attempts to sign a transaction but fails to obtain the required signature for the public key(s) being verified. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as:

• Missing signatures (also known as “missing signers”)

• Incorrect private keys

• Private key rotation issues

Jest Test Example:

Let’s look at an example of how we might test this scenario using Jest and Anchor:

import { AnchorContract } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
import { Program } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
import { RoyaltyNft } from '../target/types/royalty_nft';
const contract = new AnchorContract(RoyaltyNft);
describe('Signature verification failed', () => {
it('should throw an error when missing signatures', async () => {
// Create a test account with a public key
const publicKey1 = '0x1234567890abcdef1234def567890abfedcba';
const privateKey1 = '0x...'; // Replace with the actual private key
// Create another test account with an additional public key
const publicKey2 = '0x...'; // Replace with the actual private key
try {
await contract.signPublicKey(
publicKey1,
privateKey1, // Correct signature for public key 1
publicKey2,
privateKey2 // Missing signature for public key 2
);
throw new Error('Expected error');
} catch (error) {
expect(error.message).toBe('Missing signatures for public keys');
}
});
});

In this example, we create two test accounts with different public keys. We then try to sign a transaction using the first public key, but it fails due to missing signatures. The expect statement ensures that an error message is thrown indicating that signatures are missing for the second public key.

Fix signature verification fails in Jest tests:

To fix this, you can follow these steps:

• Verify private keys: Make sure your test accounts have the correct private keys.

• Update the signPublicKey function: Modify the signPublicKey function to accept a map of public keys to signatures and an additional parameter for missing signatures.

• Add error handling: Put the signPublicKey call in a try-catch block to catch any errors that might be thrown due to missing signatures.

Here is an updated example:

“`javascript

import { AnchorContract } from ‘@coral-xyz/anchor’;

import { Program } from ‘@coral-xyz/anchor’;

import { RoyaltyNft } from ‘../target/types/royalty_nft’;

const contract = new AnchorContract(RoyaltyNft);

describe(‘Signature verification failed’, () => {

it(‘should throw an error when missing signatures’, async () => {

// Create a test account with a public key

const publicKey1 = ‘0x1234567890abcdef1234def567890abfedcba’;

const privateKey1 = ‘0x…’; // Replace with the actual private key

try {

await contract.

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